Trading book losses can have a cascading, global effect when they hit numerous financial institutions at the same time, such as during the LTCM/Russian debt crisis of 1998, and the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in 2008. Another source of trading book losses is disproportionate, highly concentrated wagers on specific securities or market sectors by errant or rogue traders. Such losses often arise because of extremely high degrees of leverage employed by an institution to build the trading book. The trading book has been the source of massive losses for a number of financial institutions in recent years. Most institutions employ sophisticated risk metrics to manage and mitigate risk in their trading books. Trading books can range in size from hundreds of thousands of dollars at the smallest institutions to tens of billions at the largest financial institutions. Financial instruments in a trading book are purchased or sold to facilitate trading for the institution’s customers, to profit from trading spreads between the bid and ask prices, or to hedge against various types of risk. The portfolio of financial instruments held by a brokerage or bank. Hidden Order Walles Wilder – The Delta Phenomenon Or The Hidden Order In All Markets
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